10/6/2016

Bill Scott, Founding Member &Chair
NFPA DARAC (Deceased)
“All people, regardless of their circumstances, have some obligation to be prepared to take
action during an emergency and to assume some responsibility for their own safety.”
•
•
My Goal Today:
Changing Our Mindset…
Changing Our Mindset…
Changing Our Mindset…
Changing Our Mindset…
Why Write This Guide?
• Asked by the U.S Access Board because:
•
• Older existing buildings generally aren’t “accessible”-
•
• Many new buildings aren’t fully accessible
•
• Some responsibility for ourselves-
Framing the Issue
•
• There’s 1 first responder for every 113 people (ave.)
•
• 15 of the 113 are people with disabilities.
Framing the Issue
•
•
• The problem is worse in big cities.
•
• San Diego has 1 first responder for every 348 people
•
• 34 of those are people with disabilities.
Framing the Issue
•
•
• If you need food, water, shelter or emergency aid, hundreds, if not thousands, of others will
need them too.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
11
10/6/2016
2
Consider that……..
•
•
• The larger the disaster, the more quickly first responders become overwhelmed.
•
•
What Events Might Affect You?
– Fire
– Earthquake
– Flood
– Storm
– Attack
– Man-made event, Chemical spill, etc
•
How Much Warning Time?
•
•
• Fire – Building: 1-5 minutes depending on the alarm system or lack thereof
•
•
•
How Much Warning Time?
• Fire –Wildland: Normally, fire danger rating systems provide a 4 to 6 hour early warning of
the highest fire danger for any particular day that the weather data is supplied.
•
How Much Warning Time?
• Earthquake: Studies of earthquake early warning methods in California have shown that the
warning time would range from a few seconds to a few tens of seconds, depending on the
distance to the epicenter of the earthquake.
•
•
How Much Warning Time?
•
• Hurricane – The warning is issued 36 hours in advance of the anticipated onset of tropicalstorm-
force winds to allow for important preparation.
•
How Much Warning Time?
•
•
• Tornado - 13 Minutes is the average warning time before a tornado hits
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
10/6/2016
3
•
How Much Warning Time?
• Flood: Flood watches, which are the first level are issued when conditions suggest a
possibility of flooding, or if flooding is anticipated within 12-48 hours
How Much Warning Time?
• Tsunami - Simulations from the Cascadia Subduction Zone just off our coast show that an
initial tsunami wave can reach the coast in 20 to 30 minutes - so time is limited. Geologic
history showed waves can be as high as 30 feet. So you must get at least that high above
sea level.
•
How Much Warning Time?
•
•
• Lightening - You are in danger from lightning if you can hear thunder. Because light travels
so much faster than sound, lightning flashes can sometimes be seen long before the
resulting thunder is heard
How Much Warning Time?
•
• Volcanic eruption. It is impossible to predict the date of an eruption. Volcano warning
systems are based on a probability of an eruption or hazard.
•
•
How Much Warning Time?
•
•
•
• Attack (Active shooter, etc.) – None
•
How Much Warning Time?
•
•
•
• Man-made (Chemical spill, etc) - None
•
How Far Do You Have To Go?
Who Can Help You?
41 Deadliest Disasters 1970-2006
19
20
21
1
2
22
23
24
25
26
27
10/6/2016
4
• 6 – Hurricanes
•
• 25 - Earthquakes (1 Tsunami)
•
• 5 - Floods (including 2 landslides)
•
• 1 - Volcanic eruption
•
• 1 - Heat Wave (Europe)
•
• 1 - Dam Failure (Morvi)
•
• 1 - Boat collision (Philippines)
•
• 1 - Snow storm (Iran)
•
The 40 Costliest Disasters 1970-2006
• 18- Hurricanes (15 in the USA)
• 4- Earthquakes (1 Tsunami) (2 in the USA)
• 2- Floods (0 in the USA)
• 1-Fire into urban area (1 In USA)
•
• 1- Terrorist Attack (1 in the USA)
• 9- Storms (3 in the USA)
• 1-Explosion (1 in the USA)
• 1-Tornado (1 in the USA)
•
Deaths From Major Events Are Minor in the USA
•
• 9,494 deaths over 36 years in USA
•
• 9,500 deaths in 1 Day from Earthquake in Marashtra, India (9/30/1993)
The U.S. Fire Problem
• In 2010 - 1,331,500 fires reported in the US.
– 3,120 civilian deaths,
– 17,720 civilian injuries,
– $11.6 Billion damage
• 482,000 structure fires
– 2,755 civilian deaths (88%)
– 15,420 civilian injuries
1
2
28
1
2
29
30
1
10/6/2016
5
– $9.7 Billion damage.
•
•
• Ave. = 0.006 deaths per structure fire (6 per every 1000 fires.)
•
• Ave.= $20,124 damage per fire
•
The U.S. Fire Problem
• U.S. Most Costly Disasters 1970-2006 (36yrs.)
– 9,494 Deaths
–
• 1970-2006 Civilian Fire Deaths
– Approx. 3100/ year
– 112,320 Deaths
–
• 10 times more likely to need to evacuate
–
Disability is about:
•
•
•
Disability is about:
Disability is about:
Disability is about:
American Statistics
• 316,450,569 Total Pop. (2015)
•
• 39.9 million - one or more disabilities.
•
• 27.28 million - age 65 or over.
•
• 19.14 million - age 75 and older.
•
American Statistics
70%
American Statistics
8,000
American Statistics
7.5 million
2
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
10/6/2016
6
American Statistics
8.1 million
American Statistics
33.3 million
Learning
Confucius once said
–
– Read it, forget it.
–
– See it, remember it.
–
– Do it, understand it.
The Ten Parts of an Evacuation
1. What is the event?
2. How are you notified & how much warning time?
3. How far do you have to go to evacuate?
4. How long will you have to stay out of your home?
•
5. What transportation is available?
6. Where is Shelter?
7. How will you communicate?
8. What essentials are needed?
9. When can you return?
10.Can you rebuild?
•
What’s Covered in the “Guide”?
• The “Guide” is focused on two of the ten parts of an evacuation:
•
• What’s the event and how do you get notification?
•
• How do I get out of the building? (or the inner three rings of the “Incident Area Model”)
Three Parts of a Building Evacuation System
•
1. The circulation path
2.
2. The occupant notification system(s)
3.
3. Directions to and through the circulation paths
40
41
42
43
1
2
44
45
46
10/6/2016
7
Four Items of Information (from Notification System)
1. What is the emergency?
2.
2. Where is the way out?
3.
3. Can I Use It?
1.
4. What Assistance Do I Need?
Five Categories of Disabilities:
1. Mobility
2.
2. Visual
3.
3. Hearing
4.
4. Speech
5.
5. Cognitive
Sections of the Checklist:
• Occupant Notification
• Way Finding
• Use of the Way
• Type of Assistance Needed
• Number of Assistants Needed
• Services Animal
The “Guide” can be used with Groups
Practical Example:
•
•
•
• Friedman Place – Chicago, IL
Example of Way Finding:
Lets Look at Residents
Lets Look at Staffing Levels
Doing the Math
• 60 residents / 24 staff = 2.5 residents per staff
•
• 2 minute down + 2 minutes up= 4 minutes per evacuation or 10-15 minutes to evacuate the
entire building
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
10/6/2016
8
Doing the Math
• 60 residents / 3 staff = 20 residents/ staff
•
• 2 minute down + 2 minutes up= 4 minutes per evacuation
•
• 20 evacs. * 4 minutes/evac.= 80 minutes
(1 hour 20 minutes) to evacuate the building.
•
Additional Benefits for Groups
•
• Can work in groups made up of the individual, a staff person and a first responder
•
• Data shows where additional training may be needed.
•
The Point Is:
•
• You need to plan ahead
• Use NFPA’s “Guide” to create your plan(s)
• Regularly practice them!
•
Practice, Practice, Practice….
NFPA’s “Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide For People With Disabilities”
• Plan
• Practice
• Review
• Survive!
Additional NFPA Resources
•
• NFPA’s Disabilities Page
•
• NFPA’s DARAC’s (Disabilities Access Review and Advisory Committee’s)page
Contact Info:
Allan B. Fraser, CBI, CPCA
Senior Building Code Spec.
NFPA (National Fire Protection Assoc.)
1 Batterymarch Park
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
10/6/2016
9
Quincy, MA 02169
Phone: 617-984-7411
e-Mail: afraser@nfpa.org
65 Questions

1 	

		Bill Scott, Founding Member &Chair 	
		NFPA DARAC (Deceased) 	
		“All people, regardless of their circumstances, have some obligation to be prepared to take 	
		action during an emergency and to assume some responsibility for their own safety.” 	
		• 	
		• 	

		My Goal Today: 	

		Changing Our Mindset… 	

		Changing Our Mindset… 	

		Changing Our Mindset… 	

		Changing Our Mindset… 	

		Why Write This Guide? 	
		• Asked by the U.S Access Board because: 	
		• 	
		• Older existing buildings generally aren’t “accessible”	
		• 	
		• Many new buildings aren’t fully accessible 	
		• 	
		• Some responsibility for ourselves	

		Framing the Issue 	
		• 	
		• There’s 1 first responder for every 113 people (ave.) 	
		• 	
		• 15 of the 113 are people with disabilities. 	

		Framing the Issue 	

	• 	
		• 	

	• The problem is worse in big cities. 	
		• 	
		• San Diego has 1 first responder for every 348 people 	
		• 	
		• 34 of those are people with disabilities. 	

		Framing the Issue 	
		• 	
		• 	
		• If you need food, water, shelter or emergency aid, hundreds, if not thousands, of others will 	
		need them too. 	

Consider that…….. 
• • 
• The larger the disaster, the more quickly first responders become overwhelmed. • • 

What Events Might Affect You? 
–Fire –Earthquake –Flood –Storm –Attack –Man-made event, Chemical spill, etc 
• 

How Much Warning Time? 
• • 
• Fire – Building: 1-5 minutes depending on the alarm system or lack thereof • • • 

How Much Warning Time? 
• Fire –Wildland: Normally, fire danger rating systems provide a 4 to 6 hour early warning of the highest fire danger for any particular day that the weather data is supplied. 
• 

How Much Warning Time? 
• Earthquake: Studies of earthquake early warning methods in California have shown that the warning time would range from a few seconds to a few tens of seconds, depending on the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake. 
• • 

How Much Warning Time? 
• 
• Hurricane – The warning is issued 36 hours in advance of the anticipated onset of tropical-storm-force winds to allow for important preparation. 
• 

How Much Warning Time? 
• • 
• Tornado -13 Minutes is the average warning time before a tornado hits 

• 	

		How Much Warning Time? 	
		• Flood: Flood watches, which are the first level are issued when conditions suggest a 	
		possibility of flooding, or if flooding is anticipated within 12-48 hours 	

		How Much Warning Time? 	
		• Tsunami -Simulations from the Cascadia Subduction Zone just off our coast show that an 	
		initial tsunami wave can reach the coast in 20 to 30 minutes -so time is limited. Geologic 	
		history showed waves can be as high as 30 feet. So you must get at least that high above 	
		sea level. 	
		• 	

		How Much Warning Time? 	

		• 	
		• 	
	
	• Lightening -You are in danger from lightning if you can hear thunder. Because light travels 	
		so much faster than sound, lightning flashes can sometimes be seen long before the 	
		resulting thunder is heard 	

		How Much Warning Time? 	
		• 	
		• Volcanic eruption. It is impossible to predict the date of an eruption. Volcano warning 	
		systems are based on a probability of an eruption or hazard. 	
		• 	
		• 	

		How Much Warning Time? 	
		• 	
		• 	
		• 	
		• Attack (Active shooter, etc.) – None 	

• 

How Much Warning Time? 
• • • 
• Man-made (Chemical spill, etc) • 

How Far Do You Have To Go? 

Who Can Help You? 

41 Deadliest Disasters 1970-2006 
-None 

	• 6 – Hurricanes 	
	• 	
	• 25 -Earthquakes (1 Tsunami) 	
	• 	
	• 5 -Floods (including 2 landslides) 	
	• 	
	• 1 -Volcanic eruption 	
	• 	

	• 1 -Heat Wave (Europe) 	
	• 	
	• 1 -Dam Failure (Morvi) 	
	• 	
	• 1 -Boat collision (Philippines) 	
	• 	
	• 1 -Snow storm (Iran) 	
	• 	

		The 40 Costliest Disasters 1970-2006 	
	
	• 18-Hurricanes (15 in the USA) 	
		• 4-Earthquakes (1 Tsunami) (2 in the USA) 	
		• 2-Floods (0 in the USA) 	
		• 1-Fire into urban area (1 In USA) 	
		• 	
	
	• 1-Terrorist Attack (1 in the USA) 	
		• 9-Storms (3 in the USA) 	
		• 1-Explosion (1 in the USA) 	
		• 1-Tornado (1 in the USA) 	
		• 	

		Deaths From Major Events Are Minor in the USA 	
		• 	
		• 9,494 deaths over 36 years in USA 	
		• 	
		• 9,500 deaths in 1 Day from Earthquake in Marashtra, India (9/30/1993) 	

		The U.S. Fire Problem 	
	
	• In 2010 -1,331,500 fires reported in the US. 	
		–3,120 civilian deaths, 	
		– 17,720 civilian injuries, 	
		–$11.6 Billion damage 	
		• 482,000 structure fires 	
		– 2,755 civilian deaths (88%) 	
		–15,420 civilian injuries 	

– $9.7 Billion damage. 	
• 	

	• 	
	• Ave. = 0.006 deaths per structure fire (6 per every 1000 fires.) 	
	• 	
	• Ave.= $20,124 damage per fire 	
	• 	

		The U.S. Fire Problem 	
		• U.S. Most Costly Disasters 1970-2006 (36yrs.) 	
		–9,494 Deaths 	
		– 	
		• 1970-2006 Civilian Fire Deaths 	
		–Approx. 3100/ year 	
		–112,320 Deaths 	
		– 	
		• 10 times more likely to need to evacuate 	
		– 	

		Disability is about: 	
		• 	
		• 	
		• 	

		Disability is about: 	

		Disability is about: 	

		Disability is about: 	

		American Statistics 	
		• 316,450,569 Total Pop. (2015) 	
		• 	
		• 39.9 million -one or more disabilities. 	
		• 	
		• 27.28 million -age 65 or over. 	
		• 	
		• 19.14 million -age 75 and older. 	
		• 	

		American Statistics 	
		70% 	

		American Statistics 	
		8,000 	

		American Statistics 	
		7.5 million 	

		American Statistics 	
		8.1 million 	

		American Statistics 	
		33.3 million 	

		Learning 	
		Confucius once said 	
		– 	
		–Read it, forget it. 	
		– 	
		–See it, remember it. 	
		– 	
		–Do it, understand it. 	

		The Ten Parts of an Evacuation 	
	
	1. What is the event? 	
		2. How are you notified & how much warning time? 	
		3. How far do you have to go to evacuate? 	
		4. How long will you have to stay out of your home? 	
		• 	
	
	5. What transportation is available? 	
		6. Where is Shelter? 	
		7. How will you communicate? 	
		8. What essentials are needed? 	
		9. When can you return? 	
		10.Can you rebuild? 	
		• 	

		What’s Covered in the “Guide”? 	
		• The “Guide” is focused on two of the ten parts of an evacuation: 	
		• 	
		• What’s the event and how do you get notification? 	
		• 	
		• How do I get out of the building? (or the inner three rings of the “Incident Area Model”) 	

		Three Parts of a Building Evacuation System 	
		• 	
		1. The circulation path 	
		2. 	
		2. The occupant notification system(s) 	
		3. 	
		3. Directions to and through the circulation paths 	

Four Items of Information (from Notification System) 
1.	What is the emergency? 
2.	

1.	Where is the way out? 
2.	

3. Can I Use It? 
1. 
4. What Assistance Do I Need? 

Five Categories of Disabilities: 
1.	Mobility 
2.	

1.	Visual 
2.	

1.	Hearing 
2.	

1.	Speech 
2.	

5. Cognitive 

Sections of the Checklist: 
•	Occupant Notification 
•	Way Finding 
•	Use of the Way 
•	Type of Assistance Needed 
•	Number of Assistants Needed 
•	Services Animal 

The “Guide” can be used with Groups 

Practical Example: 

• • • 
• Friedman Place – Chicago, IL 

Example of Way Finding: 

Lets Look at Residents 

Lets Look at Staffing Levels 

Doing the Math 
•	60 residents / 24 staff = 2.5 residents per staff • 
•	2 minute down + 2 minutes up= 4 minutes per evacuation or 10-15 minutes to evacuate the entire building 

Doing the Math 
•	60 residents / 3 staff = 20 residents/ staff • 
•	2 minute down + 2 minutes up= 4 minutes per evacuation • 
•	20 evacs. * 4 minutes/evac.= 80 minutes (1 hour 20 minutes) to evacuate the building. 

• 

Additional Benefits for Groups 
• 
•	Can work in groups made up of the individual, a staff person and a first responder • 
•	Data shows where additional training may be needed. • 

The Point Is: 

• 
•	You need to plan ahead 
•	Use NFPA’s “Guide” to create your plan(s) 
•	Regularly practice them! • 

Practice, Practice, Practice…. 

NFPA’s “Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide For People With Disabilities” 

•	Plan 
•	Practice 
•	Review 
•	Survive! 

Additional NFPA Resources 
• 
•	NFPA’s Disabilities Page • 
•	NFPA’s DARAC’s (Disabilities Access Review and Advisory Committee’s)page 

Contact Info: 
Allan B. Fraser, CBI, CPCA Senior Building Code Spec. 
NFPA (National Fire Protection Assoc.) 1 Batterymarch Park 
Quincy, MA 02169 
Phone: 617-984-7411 e-Mail: afraser@nfpa.org 
Questions